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Details
Pharmaceutical material Chloramphenicol for Antibacterial
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Synonyms |
Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-[beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenethyl]-, D-threo-(-)-
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CAS NO |
56-75-7
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MF |
C11H12Cl2N2O5
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MW |
323.13
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Purity |
99%
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Appearance |
White to grey-white crystalline powder
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Certification |
ISO 9001， USP， BP
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Standard |
Enterprise standard
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Usage |
antibacterial，antirickettsial，inhibits protein synthesis
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Packing |
Discreet packing ways as your requirement, 100% go through
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Storage |
Store in cool and dry area and keep away from direct sunlight
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Description:
Chloramphenicol also known as chloromycetin, is produced by chlorine streptothrix which can inhibit bacteria
growth effect of the broad-spectrum antibiotics, natural chloramphenicol is left-handed (also known as
levomycin).
The synthetic product is white or yellow acicular or flake crystal, odorless, bitter taste, slightly soluble in water,
soluble in ether and chloroform, methanol, ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate, insoluble in benzene and petroleum
ether. In neutral or weak acidic solution is stable, easy to failure with alkali. The synthetic product is racemic,
also called synthomycin. Syntomycin is a mixture of chloramphenicol L-isomer and d-isomer. Because of
dextroisomer antibacterial effect, the effect of synthomycin is only half of the natural products. Chloramphenicol
has inhibited on Gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria. It can be used for treatment of typhoid,
dysentery, urethral infection, pertussis, pneumonia, septicemia diseases. But there is damage to the liver, and
the dosage should be strictly prescribed dosage.
Application:
Chloramphenicol is by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It is combined with the bacterial 70S ribosomes on
the 50S subunit reversible, thereby preventing aminoacyl tRNA ammonia acid, combined with the tail end of the
ribosome receptor. So ammonia acid substrate will not turn peptide enzyme interactions, also cannot form
peptide bonds (see Pratt and Fekety, 1986). Chloramphenicol is usually bacteriostatic agent, but the common
meningeal pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenza, pneumonia and meningitis diplococcus diplococcus,
treatment also concentration to the bactericidal action (rahal and Simberkoff, 1979).
Mammalian animal mitochondrial 70S ribosome, the physicochemical properties are similar to the drug
containing bacteria cells. Chloramphenicol a lot of adverse reactions, including dose related bone marrow
suppression and grey comprehensive syndrome, like because of inhibition caused by host mitochondrial protein
synthesis.
Chloramphenicol is mainly used for treating sensitive bacteria caused by urinary tract infection, pneumonia,
intra-abdominal infection and sepsis, and topical eye drops, ear drops. But because of its effects on
hematopoietic system, it has not made the drug of first choice.
Use:
1. A broad-spectrum antibiotics,it is the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid, paratyphoid, one of the
effects of drug treatment of anaerobic infections. Second, it is used for the treatment of various microbial
infections caused by sensitive diseases. Because serious adverse reactions are less and less.
2. The antimicrobial spectrum, role and purpose were the same as chloramphenicol.
3. Used for the treatment caused by typhoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Escherichia coli, bacillus, influenza and pneumococcal infections such as brucellosis.
4. Antibiotic anti infection drug.
Usage:
Chloramphenicol is unusual nitroaromatic metabolite produced by Streptomyces venezuelae, first published in
1947. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic with good activity against Gram negative and anaerobic
bacteria. Although restricted to ocular use, antibiotic resistance to other classes has refocused attention on this
class. Chloramphenicol acts by binding to the 23S sub-unit of the 50S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis.
Chloramphenicol has been extensively studied with over 35,000 literature citations.
China (Mainland)